{"id":368300,"date":"2023-12-02T19:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-03T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/platohealth.ai\/the-first-use-of-a-photogrammetry-drone-to-estimate-population-abundance-and-predict-age-structure-of-threatened-sumatran-elephants-scientific-reports\/"},"modified":"2023-12-03T04:00:26","modified_gmt":"2023-12-03T09:00:26","slug":"the-first-use-of-a-photogrammetry-drone-to-estimate-population-abundance-and-predict-age-structure-of-threatened-sumatran-elephants-scientific-reports","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/platohealth.ai\/the-first-use-of-a-photogrammetry-drone-to-estimate-population-abundance-and-predict-age-structure-of-threatened-sumatran-elephants-scientific-reports\/","title":{"rendered":"The first use of a photogrammetry drone to estimate population abundance and predict age structure of threatened Sumatran elephants – Scientific Reports","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"
The Bukit Tigapuluh landscape (BTL) is situated in the centre of Sumatra Island (1\u00b04\u203227.72\u02baS and 102\u00b030\u203243.89\u02baE) and spans across two provinces, namely Riau and Jambi (Fig.\u00a04<\/a>). The area encompasses over 3500\u00a0km2<\/sup> of land, including the Bukit Tigapuluh National Park (1440\u00a0km2<\/sup>) and is home to the Talang Mamak indigenous community68<\/a><\/sup>. The study area of BTL includes the Datuk Gedang Essential Ecosystem Area (KEE), which covers 618.29\u00a0km2<\/sup>. The original vegetation, composed of extremely species-rich dipterocarp rainforest69<\/a><\/sup>, is now largely limited to the rugged center of the landscape and surrounded by a patchwork of various land-use types, including oil palm, rubber tree plantations, and pulpwood plantations covering\u2009\u00b1\u200975% of the total landscape, non-active former logging areas are now partly covered with secondary forest (17%), and surface coal mining areas, small settlements, and private farmland with the smallest proportion. Based on its function, Datuk Gedang is located in a cultivation area covering 457.12\u00a0km2<\/sup> of Production Forest (PF), 157.97\u00a0km2<\/sup> of Limited Production Forest (LPF) and 1.38\u00a0km2<\/sup> of Other Uses Areas (OUA). The PF and LPF areas are industrial plantation forests of rubber and acacia trees which incorporate a social forestry area. The OUA is a residential area and a garden for the local community. Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape also has a concession in the form of an ecosystem restoration timber forest product utilization area. The climate is tropical, with warm temperatures throughout the year (mean annual temperature\u2009=\u200922\u00a0\u00b0C, min\u2009=\u200921\u00a0\u00b0C, max\u2009=\u200933\u00a0\u00b0C) and high rainfall (average rainfall\u2009=\u20092577\u00a0mm\/year, max\u2009=\u2009347\u00a0mm\/month, min\u2009=\u200983\u00a0mm\/month), and altitudes ranging between 60 and 843\u00a0m asl68<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n